Red Mud Flocculants Used in the Bayer Process
Red mud is generated at a rate of up to 175.5 million tons per year. The global stockpile of red mud is near 4 billion tons. This material is hazardous with pH values from 11 to 13.
Red mud: Characteristics, utilization, and environmental …
Red mud, a byproduct of this procedure, typically comprises minuscule particles of unreacted bauxite minerals and trace amounts of iron, ... Dispersion and Sedimentation Characteristics of Red Mud. J Hazard Toxic Radioact Waste, 22 (Oct. …
Dispersion and Sedimentation Characteristics of Red Mud
Red mud is the bauxite residue generated from aluminum industries, and due to its low utilization rate, a large volume of red mud in slurry form is stored. The high …
Towards an integrated approach for red mud valorisation: a …
Red mud is an industrial residue generated during the Bayer process of alumina production (Jones and Haynes 2011).For each ton of alumina, approximately 1–1.5 metric tons of red mud are produced (Kumar et al. 2006).About 140 million tons of bauxite residue are generated every year, which are normally placed in huge tailing ponds in …
Disposal – Red Mud Project
The aggregate industry-wide generation of red mud wastes by the five facilities was approximately 2.8 million metric tons in 1988, yielding a facility average of nearly 564,000 metric tons per year. ... M.B. Collins, C. Pattiaratchi, A. Cramp, W. Gull, M. Tsimplis, G. Papatheodorou, Oceanography and sedimentation in the semi-enclosed, deep ...
Experimental Research on the Sedimentation of Red Mud …
Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, high viscosity, and slow settling speed, which will reduce the service life of the tailings dam. Drainage filter layer in the tailings pond can accelerate the consolidation of red mud drainage, ensure the stable operation of the tailings pond and increase the storage capacity utilization rate. In order to quantify the …
A review of comprehensive utilization of red mud
Red mud (RM) is a solid waste generated during the process of alumina production. RM has already posed a serious environmental threat with the development …
Application of red mud in carbon capture, utilization and …
Red mud is a byproduct of the aluminium industry, and each ton of alumina produces approximately 1.0–1.8 tons of red mud [17]. To date, the global accumulated …
Red Mud
In the sedimentation tanks the red mud sedimentates and is drawn off to Unit PU 14 in such way to keep steady required solids content of red mud slurry. Overflow from sedimentation tanks-aluminate liquor is collected in collecting tank from where it is pumped to control filtration where the rest red mud particles are caught.
Roles of red mud in remediation of contaminated soil in …
Red mud (RM) is a kind of strong alkaline solid waste produced from the aluminum industry, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution and can cause severe health issues.Currently, RM is widely recognized as a potential material for soil remediation because of its rich metal oxide content, such as Fe/Al oxides. However, …
Roles of red mud in remediation of contaminated soil in …
Red mud (RM) is a kind of strong alkaline solid waste produced from the aluminum industry, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution and can …
Characterization of Settled Particles of the Red Mud …
The separated red mud waste, usually, is transferred to the storage area in slurry form in which total solids con-centration occupies 15–40% by volume [2]. The red mud waste largely consists of fine particles, which make it difficult to filter them out. Thus, the sufficient impound-ment area is required for allowing the red mud particles ...
Application of Red Mud in Wastewater Treatment
Red mud (RM) is the substantial solid industrial waste produced in alumina production secondary to alkalization and bauxite digestion [1,2]. Approximately 2–3 tons of bauxite is needed to produce 1 ton of alumina. ... Such existence can accelerate the sedimentation rate of flocs, neutralize the alkalinity of RM in the treatment process, and ...
Characterization for Effective Management and Utilization of Red Mud
The red mud was found to be dispersive, which could be controlled through stabilization using biopolymer and NaCl. The sedimentation properties improved with the addition of NaCl and phosphogypsum and its impact on red mud pond management is discussed. The stabilization of red mud using other industrial waste like ground …
Red Mud Flocculants Used in the Bayer Process
Flocculation and separation of red mud is an integral part of the Bayer process. Over the latter half of the 20 th century, flocculant technology dramatically changed from natural starches to use of "rationally designed" polymers. Many of these advancements were due to the introduction of liquid or emulsion based flocculants which enabled elaborate post …
Hydrothermal metalliferous sediments in Red Sea deeps: …
The Atlantis II deep sits on the rift axis in the central Red Sea and covers nearly 60 km 2 at a water depth of more than 2000 m (Fig. 1).Salt flows and NW-striking faults bound the deep (Augustin et al., 2016).Minor adjoining deeps sit to the west of the Atlantis II and include the Wando Deep, Valdivia Deep, and the Discovery Deep …
Collaborative effects of red mud and phosphogypsum on …
Red mud (RM) and phosphogypsum (PG) are two typical industrial waste around the world, which are being generated and landfilled massively per year. This study investigates the collaborative effects of RM and PG on geotechnical properties of cement-stabilized dredged clay. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, isotropically …
Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Effects of Red Mud Leachate …
In recent years, the ecological safety issues of red mud tailings ponds have been frequent, with problems such as the seepage damage of anti-seepage materials at the bottom of tailings ponds, failure of anti-seepage systems, and leakage of pollutants. In order to deeply analyze the influence of red mud (RM) leachate on the microstructure of the …
Environment Assessment of Modified Red Mud Utilized in …
Utilization of red mud in road projects is an effective way to consume large amounts of red mud on a large scale. In order to meet the requirements for road performance, a modified material, Heinchem, has been developed on the basis of extensive experiments, and the long-term environmental risks of red mud modified by this material …
Red Mud Flocculants Used in the Bayer Process
Red mud is a by-product of alumina extraction from bauxite ore. It contains high quantities of alkali, minerals, and metal ions, which are typically pumped as thick slurry to a residue disposal area.
Coagulation of red mud suspensions with an inorganic coagulant
This paper deals with the coagulation of red mud (a waste product from the Bayer process to produce alumina) in water with an inorganic coagulant (FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O). The coagulative state is evaluated by measuring the transmittance of supernatant liquid and/ or the specific volume of the sediment in suspensions after standing for 24 h.
Experimental Research on the Sedimentation of Red Mud …
Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, high viscosity, and slow settling speed, which will reduce the service life of the tailings dam. Drainage filter layer in the tailings …
Alumina red mud sedimentation flocculant
Sedimentation and separation of red mud is an extremely complicated physical and chemical process, The Bayer process dissolving pulp is a suspension formed by red mud and sodium aluminate solution. Due to the complex physical and chemical interactions between the red mud particles and the solution, the phase composition, distribution, …
Negative effect of dissolved organic compounds on settling …
LÜ Zi-jian, BI Shi-wen, XIE Yan-li. Effect of sodium oxalate on processes of red mud sedimentation [J]. Journal of Materials and Metallurgy, 2006, 5(2): 105–108. (in Chinese) Google Scholar LÜ Zi-jian, BI Shi-wen, XIE Yan-li. Effects of para-phthatlic sodium on sedimentation of red mud [J].
Red Mud as a Controlled Low Strength Material
In this paper characterization of red mud as a controlled low strength material (CLSM) is discussed with red mud as a base material and crusher dust or quarry dust, phosphogypsum and fly ash as other mineral admixtures. The highly alkaline red mud is mixed with phosphogypsum (PG) and crusher dust (CD) in different proportions, and fly …
Numerical simulation on separation of solid with liquid and
The solid-liquid separation process in an alumina red mud flat bottom thickener with the diameter of 40 m was simulated using the commercial CFD software Fluent and combining the simplified 3-D ...
Performances of two flocculants and their mixtures for red mud
These characteristics are the most important to enable polyelectrolytes to act as flocculating agents with high sedimentation and compaction efficiency (Bortoleto et al., 2017; Dias et al., 2004; Gregory and Barany, 2011; Trampus and França, 2017). ... Red mud is a highly saline and alkaline solid waste generated in alumina refinery, which ...
Effect of surface property of main minerals in red mud on …
The contact angles of glycerol,benzene and diiodomethane on the main minerals in red mud from alumina production were measured,and the corresponding surface free …
Zeta Potential and Particle Size Characteristics of Red Mud …
The particle size was reported as 90% of the particles are finer than 75 μm in size and majority of the particles are in silt to clay size range, relatively with high specific surface area (13–50 m 2 /g). The specific gravity of solids found to vary between the range from 2.7 to 3.3 (Parekh and Goldberger 1976; Kehagia 2010; Gräfe et al. 2011; Snars …
Effects of Polyacrylamide Mixtures with Different …
This paper introduced a method to subside red mud slurry using a kind of mixed polyacrylamide (PAM) solutions which composed two different molecular weights (19×106 and 0.8×106). The mixing ratio and feeding method of the different PAMs were investigated. The results show that the sedimentation rate can be obviously increased when using …