Chapter 7.1 Acid Activation of Clay Minerals
Changes in the IR spectra of SWy-1 montmorillonite (with quartz admixture) after treatment with 6 M HCl (Figure 7.1.1) demonstrate the alteration of the chemical bonds in the structure.. Download: Download full-size image Fig. 7.1.1. IR spectra of SWy-1 montmorillonite treated with 6 M HCl at 95 °C for 0, 8, 12, 18 and 30 h.Q is quartz.
Optimization of bleaching power by sulfuric acid …
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process …
Rehydration Driven Na-Activation of Bentonite—Evolution …
A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and compositional …
The effect of oxalic acid activation on the bleaching …
Optimum bleaching properties could be achieved using a variety of combinations of acid to bentonite ratios and activation times. Bleaching efficiency tests indicated that 24 h activation at 100°C with 1m oxalic acid and 25% pulp density (w/v) gave results equivalent to that of a commercial bleaching earth (Tonsil Optimum 210 FF).
Optimization of bleaching power by sulphuric acid activation of bentonite
The goal of this study is to systematically evaluate the optimum conditions for the sulphuric acid activation of a Turkish bentonite to produce a powder with the maximum bleaching power for soybean oil by analyzing the individual and combined effects of activation variables including mass fraction of H2SO4 (x) per dried CaB and pure H2SO4 ...
Acid activated clays: Materials in continuous demand
The extent of these modifications depended on the type and origin of the clay minerals and the conditions of the acid activation. In their study, a bentonite exhibited …
Influence of acid activation on the NH3-adsorption …
In this study, the adsorption of NH 3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with HCl solutions of various concentrations (0.5–2.5 M) at …
The Effect of HCl Concentration on The Activation of Bentonite …
In bentonite catalyst activation, the HCl concentration was varied to 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 M. The results showed that the highest liquid product yield was obtained at a concentration of 0.50 M, namely 76% with a product density range of 0.7452-0.762 g/ml. The heating value of the liquid product at 0.50 M HCl activated bentonite was 6806.48 cal/g.
Bentonite | Properties, Formation, Uses » Geology Science
Bentonite is widely distributed around the world and can be found in many countries. Some of the largest bentonite deposits are located in the United States, China, Russia, India, and Greece. Other countries with significant bentonite deposits include Brazil, Turkey, Germany, Italy, Mexico, and Japan.
Activation of (Na, Ca)-bentonites with soda and MgO and …
1.. IntroductionBentonite often contains > 80% montmorillonite.Bentonite is used in a wide range of applications including drilling mud, bleaching earth, water and solvent based rheological additives, litter, desiccant clay, and animal feed additive (Lagaly, 2006).Due to high viscosity and swelling and low filtration loss, (Na–Ca) …
Effect of the Acidic and Alkaline Activation of Bentonite …
The activation of bentonite by acids and bases makes the exchangable cations in its structure more effective [24]. Bentonites and other clays mineralogical and physicochemical properties ...
Activating natural bentonite as a cost-effective adsorbent for …
The bentonite is a widely available and abundant natural mineral, and can be a low cost adsorbent for water and wastewater treatment. This study reported here …
Activation of Bentonite Clay with H 2 SO 4 and Study It's …
A bentonite from Kirkouk city region (Iraq) was activated with H 2 SO 4 at various ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Due to ion exchange, the original (Ca, Mg, Na, K)-bentonite was converted to H ...
Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric …
The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out.
Impact assessment of Zeolite, Ca-bentonite and Biochar
The augmentation of Zeolite, Ca-bentonite, and Biochar from 0 to 4% in the case of 150 mg/kg Cd led to a 30%, 21%, and 22% increase in the weight of 1000 grains of wheat, respectively. The application of Zeolite, Ca-bentonite, and Biochar significantly reduced the concentration of Cd in wheat grain.
Activation of Jordanian Ore Bentonite by Sodium Carbonates …
These properties have been compared with those standard specifications properties required for the drilling fluid in order to know the appropriate circumstances to activate the Bentonite ore of ...
Thermal activation, characterization and performance …
The effects of activation parameters (time and temperature) on its physiochemical properties and its performance for the removal of sodium ions from water were investigated. Bentonite activated for 6 h at 300 °C showed a maximum specific surface area of 81.74 m 2 /g while the raw one showed 57.6 m 2 /g. However, the cation …
Optimization of bleaching power by sulfuric acid activation of bentonite
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact time (t), in the …
Activated Bentonite: Low Cost Adsorbent to Reduce …
2.3 Activation of Bentonite 50 gram bentonite was soaked in 200 ml of 1.6MHCl, bentonite stirred for a hour using 200 rpm speed in magnetic stirrer. Bentonite filtered and washed with distilled water. The obtained residue was heated in 200°C for 60 minute. Activated bentonite is stored in a desiccator and ready for use for further processing
The effect of oxalic acid activation on the bleaching …
AbstractA bentonite from Milos, Greece, was activated with oxalic acid and the effect of acid activation conditions on bleaching of sunflower oil was ... 60% …
Frontiers | Potential of Acid-Activated Bentonite …
Bentonite activation was performed with three different concentration of H 2 SO 4 (3, 5, and 10 N), in order to investigate the impact of acid concentration on the surface area. Compared with natural …
A systematic and comprehensive study of Eco-friendly bentonite …
Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p-cresol. Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. Esterification was carried …
Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of bentonite …
Alteration in the subaqueous basaltic rock of the Lam Narai volcanic belts, Lop Buri province, central Thailand has resulted in the formation of bentonite deposits. The bentonite deposits have been geological, mineralogical and geochemical studied to determine their genesis. The characteristics of the bentonites were examined by using X …
Hectorite and Bentonite based organoclay grades …
In case pregel step and polar activation should be avoided, the BENTONE® SD grades are the products of choice. BENTONE® SD products However, in special cases e.g. in high solids and solvent less systems, chemical activation might be beneficial. The activation of BENTONE® SD grades follows in general the recommendations for the of conventional
Bentonite in two-component grout applications
The activation of the bentonite can be obtained naturally, by leaving the bentonite in water and waiting long enough (the natural hydration of the bentonite and its use in the construction site of Bolaños-Campobecerros, NE-N High Speed Railway Line in Galicia-Spain, is described by [32]) or forcedly, by increasing the turbulence of the water ...
Acid-activation assisted by microwave of a Brazilian bentonite …
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2013.08.017 Corpus ID: 95093480; Acid-activation assisted by microwave of a Brazilian bentonite and its activity in the bleaching of soybean oil @article{Foletto2013AcidactivationAB, title={Acid-activation assisted by microwave of a Brazilian bentonite and its activity in the bleaching of soybean oil}, author={Edson Luiz …
Effect of the Acidic and Alkaline Activation of Bentonite …
acidic activation of clay while preserving the structure of its minerals is especially relevant. A promising way of activating bentonite-like clays is alkaline activation. This technique is more versatile than acidic activation in terms of both obtaining more active sorbents and having lower requirements for the initial feedstock.
US3240616A
Example 4 150 kg. of Na CO dissolved in 1.5 m. of water were introduced into 5 tons of bentonite clay. The activation took place in the preparation plant where the material Was placed in layers of about 50 cm. thickness. Every layer was sprinkled only on the top thereof with the solution. The time of activation lasted 3 hours after which the ...
Structural Property Improvements of Bentonite with Sulfuric …
The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration method …
Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H …