Seawater-mixed concretes containing natural and sea sand …
Also, the effects of salts from seawater, sea sand, and coral aggregates, on the long-term durability of seawater-mixed and sea sand (SW-SS) concretes, are critically reviewed. In conclusion, the perceptions, challenges, and possible niche applications in the use of SW or SS concretes are summarized. 2. Seawater-mixed and sea sand …
The performance of steel-making slag concretes in the hardened state
The performance of steel-making slag concretes in the hardened state. ... In addition, Bäverman and Aran [40] analyzed the substitution of sand by the fine fraction of EAF and, ... (0–1 mm) in an amount of 0.25–0.27 volume fraction. Table 3. Mix proportioning of components in studied concretes.
Carbonation Rate and Reinforcing Steel Corrosion of Concretes …
The corrosion rates of steel embedded in these concretes have been measured by the lineal polarization resistance technique. The results indicate that to use RCA and SCM increase the carbonation ...
The implementation of scale and steel chips waste as a …
Twelve cubes of each type of mixed concrete and three cubes of OC-O were molded for compressive strength. For determination of the thickness of ordinary concrete shields corresponding to mixed concretes against X-ray radiation, 3 slabs measuring 250 × 250 × 26 mm were produced for each mixture proportion. For comparison purposes, …
Optimization of waste tyre steel fiber and rubber added concretes …
1. Introduction. concrete is a type of concrete whose density varies between 250 kg/m 3 and 1900 kg/m 3 and contains no coarse aggregate [1], [2].It is also a kind of concrete that researchers have focused on in recent years due to its low sound and heat conduction, low density, and high fire resistance properties [3], [4].Among these …
The Mechanical Effects of Recycled Steel Fiber on Concrete
The reason of this sharply decrease of slump value is, balling effect of the fibers and one of the main causes of the balling effect in fresh concrete was found to be inconsistent recycled steel fiber size and shape [].3.2 Compressive Strength Results. The results of the compressive strength tests performed on the produced specimens are …
Combined effect of supplementary cementitious materials …
1. Introduction. Concrete is the most used material in the world, with an estimated consumption of three tons for each inhabitant of the Earth [1].In the construction industry, it is estimated that the amount of concrete used is twice of all other materials combined [1].Usually reinforced with steel, this composite material is prone to some degradation …
Radiological protection and mechanical properties of concretes with EAF
This may be achieved through the use of residues generated during the production of materials, such as steel. Steel is a commodity applied in many industries due to its high strength and formability. According to the World Steel Association, world crude steel production has increased from 851 Mt in 2001 to 1 548 Mt for the year 2012 [1].
Investigation on Compressive Characteristics of Steel-Slag …
2.1. Materials and Specimen Preparation. In the previous studies [25,26], the authors investigated the compositions of steel-slag concretes in a wide range of partial materials to achieve the best workability and mechanical strengths, and these properties were then compared with those of traditional concretes using natural aggregate.Based …
An optimum design for steel fiber reinforced concretes …
The amount of high-range water reducing admixture varied between 0.75% and 1.5% by weight of cement for different concrete mixtures to maintain sufficient workability. The volume fractions of steel fibers were 0.26 %, 0.45 %, and 0.64 %, and the aspect ratios of fibers were 55, 65, and 80. In mixing, cement, siliceous sand, limestone
Utilization of unprocessed steel slag as fine aggregate in …
The concrete strength and steel slag content were considered as the main test parameters in this study. A total of 16 mixture groups were designed, as shown in Table 3, consisting of two kinds of concrete (normal and high strength) and eight replacement percentages of fine aggregate by steel slag (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and …
Complete re-utilization of waste concretes–Valorisation …
Concrete recycling is a well-established industry in many countries, albeit limited to the simple crushing of waste concrete and using only the coarse fraction as …
Steel corrosion monitoring in normal and total-lightweight concretes …
Electrochemical methods have particular advantages with regard to the monitoring of corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. The half-cell potential technique, linear polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise technique, and electrode array technique, among others have been widely used to …
Bond Behavior of Steel Bars embedded in concretes …
2. Experimental Investigation The experimental investigation was designed to study the influence of two main parameters on bond strength between steel bars and structural lightweight concrete:
Mechanical behavior of concretes containing waste steel …
The code W in Table 1 indicates the waste steel fibers recovered from scrap tires and the numbers (0.3, 0.6, or 1.4) following W stand for the average diameter of fibers in millimeters. As seen from Table 1, the diameters of the waste steel fibers were not the same for a given type of fiber and there was a large variation, which may probably be …
Complete re-utilization of waste concretes–Valorisation …
The global building boom has seen the demand for sand rise threefold in the last 20 years, and sand extraction is causing ecological harm in many regions (UNEP, 2019). New emerging technologies based on recycled construction demolition waste (CDW) open the opportunity to reduce primary sand extraction, and hence prevent damage to …
Chloride-induced reinforcing steel corrosion in ternary concretes
River sand and calcareous crushed coarse aggregate were used to prepare the concrete mixtures. The volumetric weight, specific gravity and adsorption of the fine and coarse aggregates were 1596 kg/cm 3, 2.78 and 1.74%, and 1624 kg/cm 3, 2.66 and 0.47%, respectively.The fineness modulus of the sand was 2.97 and the maximum size …
Flexural behavior of concrete reinforced with micro basalt …
Six types of fibers including chopped basalt fiber (BF), straight BFRP fibers (BS), twisted BFRP fibers (BT), crimped BFRP fibers (BC), hooked steel fibers (S) and indented polypropylene fibers (PP) were introduced as shown in Fig. 2.The chopped basalt fiber was characterized as micro-fiber with one-dimensional morphology, and was …
Mechanical performance of steel and iron slag concretes: A …
IS and SS are major by-products of the iron and steel manufacturing process Fig. 1.It is estimated that between 150 and 250 million tonnes of steel slag are produced annually around the world, and When one tonne of steel is made, between 150 and 200 kg of slag are made [16], [17].According to estimates, the steel industry in India generates …
Probabilistic numerical modelling of cracking in steel fibre …
In this paper, an improvement to the probabilistic discrete cracking model of fibre reinforced concretes, developed in the past by Pierre Rossi, is proposed.. In this new model: – Cracks creation and propagation in the concrete are taken into account by using special interface elements. These interface elements open when the normal …
Cement Statistics and Information | U.S. Geological Survey
Special Publications. Background Facts and Issues Concerning Cement and Cement Data. OF-2005-1152. Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United …
Mechanical performance of steel and iron slag …
Concrete has the lowest embodied energy among all the building materials and is the most extensively used material for meeting the high global demand for infrastructure.
Concrete Architecture: 20 Outstanding Projects in Mexico
One notable example includes the pre-Hispanic civilizations of Mexico, where concrete structures proved to have exceptional durability in surviving over 1500 …
Effect of carbonation curing on the characterization and …
Steel slag (SS) is an alkaline solid waste generated during the steelmaking process [1]. Each ton of crude steel produced generates 0.1–0.15 tons of SS and emits 1.85 tons of CO 2 [2], [3]. The iron and steel industry is not only one of the largest sources of industrial solid waste but also one of the largest emission sources of CO 2 [4]. The ...
Buildings | Free Full-Text | Contribution of Steel Fiber to the
Due to the high price of river sand, its shortage and unsustainable extraction from the environment, artificial sand (AS) has been promoted as a fine aggregate for producing concrete. However, it has been acknowledged that a high content of limestone powder (LP), up to 15 wt.%, as a by-product in AS coexists and it has an adverse impact …
Steel industry in Mexico
As of 2022, the iron and steel sector contributed approximately 96.8 billion Mexican pesos to Mexico's real gross domestic product (GDP). In 2023, the country …
Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production
1. Introduction. To obtain good quality concrete using recycled aggregate it is necessary to follow the minimum requirements defined by the BCSJ [1], RILEM [2], DIN 4226.100 [3], and prEN 13242:2002 [4].Acceptable properties of aggregates are an elemental base for concrete quality, however adequate mix proportions and concrete …
Progressive Investigation on Utilisation of Steel Slag and Silica Sand …
When compared to normal concrete, steel slag and silica sand replacements have increased compressive strength by 24.66% up to 30% replacement. Compared to the normal concrete cylinder of 28 days, it may be observed that the split tensile strength has risen by up to 30% and that silica sand and steel slag replacement …
Microstructure, strength, and durability of eco-friendly concretes …
The amount of quartz in SCBA is due to the presence of sand adhered to the sugarcane. The amount of sand is about 2% in weight even after washing the ... 28 days. The concretes mix designs are presented in Table 3. Table 3. Concrete mix design. Concrete Mix code ... design considrations for steel fiber reinforced concrete, ACI …
The efficient waste-based fine-grained fibre concretes for …
The findings indicate that the addition of appropriate sodium gluconate to the mortar, which contains 100 % recycled sand, not only fulfills the printability criteria for 3D , but also extends the time frame during which it remains printable and enhances its initial strength compared to the mortar containing 100 % natural sand.