Transition from open-pit to underground in the case of …
Geological and economic modeling of an ore body and also optimization of the depth at which transition is made from open-pit to underground mining is an important part of the mining design process in large and massive deposits. In this paper, a geological block model of Chah-Gaz iron ore deposit located in Iran was first created based on iron …
The next frontier in open-pit mining
To many people, mining conjures up images of underground pits, shafts and tunnels, when, in fact, 80 percent of the world's excavated materials are mined in open pits or surface mines. ... "Many mines start out as open-pit operations and move on to underground mining at a later stage, depending on the location and grade of the ore …
(PDF) Transition from Open-Pit to Underground as a New …
This critical depth, known as the ultimate depth or open-pit-underground transition, delineates the boundary between profitable open-pit mining above it and lucrative underground mining below it ...
Geomechanics considerations in the Grasberg pit to …
within the pit, stability of underground openings, dilution of ore, and timing and location of crack limits. In this process, the geotechnical model is updated with geomechanics recommendations that are utilized by mine planners in optimizing the mine plan and in transitioning from open-pit to underground production. 1 Introduction
Trigon to pause open-pit mining at Kombat following …
Following this result, Trigon has decided to pause its open-pit mining activities from the end of September 2024. The company stated that the pause is partly due to the "significant grade ...
Timing of transition from open-pit to underground mining: A
Generally, shallow deposits are mined through open-pit mining and where the deposits are extended to a substantial depth, there is a potential for a combination of …
Slope Failure of Shilu Metal Mine Transition from Open-Pit …
The instability of slopes and ground subsidence caused by the conversion from open-pit to underground mining are important aspects of mining disaster research. This study focuses on the instability of slopes and ground subsidence during the conversion from open-pit to underground mining in the Beiyi mining area of the Shilu iron ore …
Optimization of open pit to underground transition depth: …
Open pit, underground methods or both of them are selected depending on the geometry properties of the deposit, its position with respect to the surface and so on. Many deposits can be mined entirely with surface methods; others must be worked underground from the very beginning. Still other deposits can be mined first as open pits but must be ...
Stability analysis and movement process determination of
Abstract Underground mining under an open-pit slope results in movement and instability of rock masses. However, most rock mass movement prediction methodologies are empirical and only suitable for underground mining. In this paper, a new theoretical methodology is proposed to predict the movement and instability of rock …
The next frontier in open-pit mining
Jun 20, 2024 2:14 PM CEST. Watch 01:47. The energy transition relies on materials and minerals that are frequently mined in open pits. develops equipment for surface mining to help mine operators contribute …
A model for determining optimal transition depth over from open-pit …
Open pit, underground methods or both of them are selected depending on the geometry properties of the deposit, its position with respect to the surface and so on. Many deposits can be mined entirely with surface methods; others must be worked underground from the very beginning. Still other deposits can be mined first as open pits but must be ...
[PDF] Transition from open-pit to underground as a new …
There are many deposits that have the potential to be mined by a combined method of open-pit and underground. In this manner, the most sensitive problem is the determination of the optimal transition depth from open-pit to underground or vice versa. To calculate this depth, a model based on block economic values of open-pit and …
Optimization of open pit to underground transition depth: …
The Sangan mine locates in north eastern of Iran in Khorasan province. According to the primitive designs, about 50 million tons of ore are to be extracted from an open pit with a maximum depth of 260 m. In this case, the remained portion of ore beneath the open pit would be extracted by an underground mining method.
How do we extract minerals? | U.S. Geological Survey
The primary methods used to extract minerals from the ground are: Underground miningSurface (open pit) miningPlacer mining The location and shape of the deposit, strength of the rock, ore grade, mining costs, and current market price of the commodity are some of the determining factors for selecting which mining method to use.Higher-grade …
Open Pit Mining
Mining and milling. Markus H.A. Piro, Ksenia Lipkina, in Advances in Nuclear Fuel Chemistry, 2020 8.2.3.1 Open pit mining. Open pit mining refers to mining directly on the ground surface, thereby producing an open pit. This method is practical and cost-effective when the uranium ore is located near the surface (e.g., within 100 m). Underground …
Stability analysis and movement process determination …
on open-pit to underground mining technology lags behind the needs of production. In this paper, a theoretical method is proposed to predict the sliding body area caused by open-pit to underground mining and determine the rock mass movement boundary. The new prediction method combines the inuences of both open-pit and under-
Study of the Rock Mass Failure Process and Mechanisms …
The failure of underground goafs will change the structure and stress status of a rock mass. More seriously, such a failure can lead to large areas of rock mass collapse, greatly impacting the mine operations and personnel safety (Hoek and Brown 1980; Bye and Bell 2001; Chen et al. 2017).For mines that are transforming from open-pit to …
Optimizing the open pit-to-underground mining transition
Underground mining is used when an economically viable deposit is situated sufficiently deep such that open pit mining is cost prohibitive. There exist many …
Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Rock Mass …
The above-mentioned methods are mainly used in the mining of open-pit and steeply inclined open-pit to underground ore bodies and rarely involve gently inclined thin to medium-thick layered nonmetallic phosphate ore. On the other hand, they mainly focused on the actual technical issues of the project, and there is little research on the effect ...
NUMERICAL MODELING OF OPEN PIT (OP) TO …
of open pit mines or underground mines, their opera-tion is nowadays being run at constantly increasing depths, whereas in the case of open pit mines, further
Open-Pit to Underground Mining − Where Is the Optimum …
In order to determine transition depth from open-pit to underground mining on the basis of the allowable and economically feasible overall stripping ratios, an economic-mathematical equation is first introduced. Using the achieved equation and an analytical procedure on a particular two-dimensional hypothetical tabulate deposit, an effective ...
(PDF) Numerical modeling of open pit (OP) to underground …
In the case of open pit mines or underground mines, their operation is nowadays being run at constantly increasing depths, whereas in the case of open pit mines, further increase of exploitation depth proves impossible due to economic and technological limitations, as well Table 1. Overview of major historical and future OP-UG transitions for ...
Optimization of open pit to underground transition depth: …
The Sangan mine locates in north eastern of Iran in Khorasan province. According to the primitive designs, about 50 million tons of ore are to be extracted from …
Considerations for open pit to underground transition …
These will be unique to the sequence of the open pit underground interaction, which can take any combination of the following forms: Scenario 1 – Open pit transitioning to …
Determining the open pit to underground transition: A new …
A novel opportunity cost approach is presented, allowing it to take into account a crown pillar, and it is shown how the new approach can be best applied through the unconventional application of an existing mine optimisation tool. Many Ore Reserves are harvested by a combination of open pit and underground mining methods. In these …
Mining
Mining - Strip, Open-Pit, Quarrying: It has been estimated that more than two-thirds of the world's yearly mineral production is extracted by surface mining. There are several types of surface mining, but the three most common are open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. These differ from one another in the mine geometries created, the techniques …
Determining the open pit to underground transition: A …
method into pit optimisation software that takes into account the value that ore has if mined by underground method. Consider a case in which some blocks can be mined by either open pit or underground method. For any such block, the value used for pit optimisation must be the difference between its open pit value and its underground value.
TRANSITION FROM OPEN-PIT TO UNDERGROUND AS …
— In both open-pit and underground economical block models, dimensions of the blocks are 12.5×12.5 (as more conventional open-pit bench height and bench slope of 45 degree which is more
Timing of transition from open-pit to underground mining: …
The problem of optimizing the transition from open-pit to underground mining remains a challenge within the field of mining engineering, with far-reaching implications for sustainable development. Several researchers have tackled this transition problem, primarily focusing on maximizing project profitability while grappling with the ...