Resources | Free Full-Text | The Use of Phosphogypsum as a …
The most large-tonnage of the above-mentioned wastes is phosphogypsum (PG), the annual production of which in the world is ≈300 million …
Exploring the potential reuse of phosphogypsum: A waste …
PG production rates will follow fertilizer production rates, recording a sevenfold increase by 2050 compared to 1961 rates and reaching 438 million tons per year. ... Repartition map of the annual volume of phosphogypsum generated around the world. ... classifies PG as a valueless waste. Nonetheless, different countries do not share a …
Phosphogypsum | US EPA
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. ... Phosphogypsum stacks additionally contain low-pH process water and heavy metals as a result of the wet acid fertilizer production process. The regulations at 40 CFR 61 Subpart R require …
Saudi's Ma'aden signs agreement to develop phosphogypsum …
In a separate statement, said the tripartite frame agreement involves the development and licensing of a phosphogypsum processing solution for the calcination plant at Ras Al Khair. The plant will use sulphur for the calcination of phosphogypsum and include technologies for CO2 capturing with lime produced from the calcination.
Potential Phosphogypsum Use
Annual Reports; Phosphate Primer; ... Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the chemical reaction called the "wet process," whereby sulfuric acid is reacted with phosphate rock to produce the phosphoric acid needed for fertilizer production. There are approximately five tons of phosphogypsum produced for every ton of phosphoric acid produced.
The Development of a New Phosphogypsum-Based …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste (or by-product) of the production of phosphoric acid, a basic constituent in the manufacturing of modern fertilizers. The annual production of phosphogypsum in Tunisia is currently estimated to be 10 million tons. Its storage in slag in close proximity to production plants generates pollution problems; …
Realising the circular phosphorus economy delivers for …
During the process of phosphoric acid production, the potentially hazardous waste by-product phosphogypsum, hydrated calcium sulfate, is produced at a quantity …
A review on the environmental impact of phosphogypsum and …
The PG production in a country commonly correlates with its phosphoric acid production, and thus with its number of phosphate deposits. In 2012, around 250 million tons of PG were produced with the largest producers being Morocco (32%), China (25%), USA (18%), India (5%), ( Layr and Hartlieb, 2019 ).
Use of an industrial by-product phosphogypsum in the production …
Dihydrate phosphogypsum (PG) is the main by-product of the production of fertilizers in SC Lifosa (Lithuania). The specific gravity of phosphogypsum is 2360 kg/m 3, its average pH value is 3.1.The XRD pattern of this material (Fig. 1, curve a) confirms that the dominant compound is dihydrate gypsum CaSO 4 ⋅2H 2 O (d – 0.763, 0.428, 0.306, …
Materials | Free Full-Text | Review of the State of Impurity
China is the world's largest phosphate fertilizer producer and has become the world's largest phosphogypsum resource by-product country, with annual production in phosphogypsum of about 75 million tons, but the comprehensive utilization rate is about 45% only; as the accumulated stockpile has reached 830 million tons, …
Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions …
1. Introduction. Phosphogypsum (PG), a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) (IAEA, 2003), is a by-product of phosphoric acid production from rock phosphate – a process that underpins inorganic P fertiliser production for agriculture.Global food production is currently …
Treated phosphogypsum as an alternative set regulator and mineral
Phosphogypsum is a type of solid waste generated during the production of phosphate fertilizer. Annual phosphogypsum generation is estimated to be 200-300 million tons globally [14] [15][16][17 ...
Properties of Cemented Filling Materials Prepared from …
Phosphogypsum (PG) occupies a large amount of land due to its large annual production and low utilization rate, and at the same time causes serious …
The Development of a New Phosphogypsum-Based …
The annual production of phosphogypsum in Tunisia is currently estimated to be 10 million tons. Its storage in slag in close proximity to production plants generates pollution problems; however, valorization may be a solution. The present paper proposes a simple process for the valorization of this by-product into a construction …
A review on the environmental impact of phosphogypsum …
The PG production in a country commonly correlates with its phosphoric acid production, and thus with its number of phosphate deposits. In 2012, around 250 …
Phosphogypsum in Agriculture: A Review
Phosphogypsum is the term used for the gypsum by-product of wet-acid production of phosphoric acid from rock phosphate. It is essentially hydrated CaSO 4, …
Sustainable Utilization of Phosphogypsum in …
This study contributes to sustainable construction practices by exploring the use of phosphogypsum, a commonly discarded byproduct, in the production of recycled aggregates. Addressing both …
Oman Crude Oil: Production, 1960 – 2024 | CEIC Data
Key information about Oman Crude Oil: Production. Oman Crude Oil: Production was reported at 814.526 Barrel/Day th in Dec 2023; This records a decrease from the previous number of 848.016 Barrel/Day th for Dec 2022; Oman Crude Oil: Production data is updated yearly, averaging 677.279 Barrel/Day th from Dec 1960 to 2023, with 64 …
[Blog #8] Phosphogypsum production and impacts
Global phosphogypsum production is estimated to be around 280 million tonnes per year, with 28% of it disposed into water bodies, and 58% of it stored in tailing ponds (Turner et al., 2022). The disposal of phosphogypsum in water bodies or storage in ponds or leaps are often done without purification (Rashad, 2017), thereby resulting in ...
EPA Approves Use of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction
The U.S. produces approximately 20% of the world's phosphogypsum. In countries where reuse is practiced – such as road building, construction material, fertilizer, and landfill cover – up to 20% of annual phosphogypsum production is diverted from stacking to other uses. While the approval of TFI's request does not mean that ...
PHOSPHOGYPSUM: A Review of the Florida Institute …
exceeded the cost of utilizing the phosphogypsum. In most of this country, and specifically in Florida, economic incentives to develop uses for phosphogypsum have not existed. A common theme can be found in the worldwide ... under an Institute grant was the production of a high-quality alite type-4-cement from phosphogypsum and …
Phosphogypsum – An Industrial Byproduct with Value
As a result, domestically produced phosphogypsum is stored in "stacks" all over the country – massive containment ponds where phosphogypsum is indefinitely piled. The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) estimates that each year, 40 million tons of the waste are added to stacks in the US, and about 90 million tons annually outside ...
[Blog #8] Phosphogypsum production and impacts
To elaborate, about 80% or radium is concentrated in phosphogypsum, while almost 86% and 70% of uranium and thorium respectively are concentrated in …
Collaborative Utilization Status of Red Mud and …
Keywords Red mud · Phosphogypsum · Slag treatment · Collaborative utilization Introduction Red mud and phosphogypsum are the solid waste byprod-ucts of the alumina and phosphoric acid production pro-cesses, respectively. Their global annual production has reached 1.1–12 billion tons and 150–200 million tons, respectively [1–6].
Phosphogypsum as a construction material
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product generated from the phosphorus fertilizer industry (phosphoric acid production). PG is similar to natural gypsum, but there are some differences, of which it contains some impurities such as water-soluble phosphate (P 2 O 5), water-soluble fluoride (F −) and P 2 O 5 substituted in the gypsum crystal …
Valorization of phosphogypsum in cement-based materials…
China is a significant producer of phosphogypsum production; the annual growth rate of phosphogypsum is about 70 million metric tons, of which the comprehensive utilization rate is only 15 percent.
Phosphogypsum: A Review of the Florida Institute of …
While most of the rest of the world looked at phosphogypsum as a valuable raw material and developed processes to utilize it in chemical manufacture and building products, this country – blessed with abundant low-cost natural gypsum – piled the phosphogypsum up rather than bear the additional expense of utilizing it as a raw material.
Phosphogypsum: Properties and Potential Use in Agriculture
Currently, between 3 and 4 billion tons of phosphogypsum have been produced, with an annual rise of 300 million tons (Cuadri et al. 2021). The question of considering phosphogypsum as a waste or a resource has been widely discussed in the literature, depending on the regulations in different countries.
Effective and innovative procedures to use phosphogypsum …
Phosphogypsum (PG) waste is a by-product generated from wet-process phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) manufacturing during phosphate rock decomposition.Worldwide, the annual production of PG ranges between 100 and 300 million tons, with only a few quantities utilized in several application domains (about …
Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a …
4 E. SAADAOUI ET AL. to the average annual effective dose from natural sources [25]. Besides, the resulting radi-ation dose caused by phosphogypsum used as a construction or plaster material can be